Pediatric sleep disorders have a prevalence of 25% and sleep respiratory disorders (SRD) are the most frequent. The most representative is the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS), with a prevalence of 1-3%, that increases considerably in case of genetic diseases (Sindrome di Down e di Prader-Willi). The most frequent age is between 3 and 6 years, and the main causes are represented by obesity, adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy and cranio-facial malformations. Nocturnal symptoms include snoring, respiratory pauses (apneas), and sleep fragmentation and agitation. Daytime symptoms are drowsiness, irritability, and poor academic performance. The gold standard diagnostic test is polysomnography performed in a hospital setting. The treatment involves weight loss, adeno-tonsillectomy and in very severe cases mechanical ventilation with continuous pressure. The case report herein described highlights the importance of sleep studies in the multidisciplinary evaluation of the patient affected by Prader-Willi syndrome.
I disturbi del sonno pediatrici hanno una prevalenza del 25%. I più frequenti sono i disturbi respiratori (DRS), di cui il maggiore rappresentante sono le apnee ostruttive del sonno (OSA), con una prevalenza dell’1-3%, che aumenta considerevolmente in caso di patologie genetiche (Sindrome di Down e di Prader-Willi). La fascia d’età maggiormente colpita è tra i 3 e i 6 anni; cause principali sono l’obesità, l’ipertrofia adeno-tonsillare e le malformazioni cranio-facciali. La sintomatologia notturna comprende il russamento, la presenza di pause respiratorie (apnee) e di frammentazione e agitazione del sonno. Segni diurni sono invece la sonnolenza, l’irritabilità e lo scarso rendimento scolastico. L’esame diagnostico gold standard è la polisonnografia eseguita in ambiente ospedaliero. Il trattamento prevede la perdita di peso, l’adeno-tonsillectomia e nei casi molto gravi la ventilazione meccanica a pressione continua. Il caso clinico presentato in questo articolo evidenzia l’importanza dello studio del sonno nell’ambito della valutazione multidisciplinare del paziente affetto da sindrome di Prader-Willi.
Studi del sonno / Nicolai, Ambra; Onofri, Alessandro. - In: PNEUMOLOGIA PEDIATRICA. - ISSN 2784-8353. - 18:71(2018), pp. 45-53.
Studi del sonno
Ambra NicolaiPrimo
Writing – Original Draft Preparation
;Alessandro OnofriSecondo
Writing – Original Draft Preparation
2018
Abstract
Pediatric sleep disorders have a prevalence of 25% and sleep respiratory disorders (SRD) are the most frequent. The most representative is the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS), with a prevalence of 1-3%, that increases considerably in case of genetic diseases (Sindrome di Down e di Prader-Willi). The most frequent age is between 3 and 6 years, and the main causes are represented by obesity, adeno-tonsillar hypertrophy and cranio-facial malformations. Nocturnal symptoms include snoring, respiratory pauses (apneas), and sleep fragmentation and agitation. Daytime symptoms are drowsiness, irritability, and poor academic performance. The gold standard diagnostic test is polysomnography performed in a hospital setting. The treatment involves weight loss, adeno-tonsillectomy and in very severe cases mechanical ventilation with continuous pressure. The case report herein described highlights the importance of sleep studies in the multidisciplinary evaluation of the patient affected by Prader-Willi syndrome.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.